Understanding Tire Types, Markings & Maintenance
Understanding your tires is crucial for safety, performance, and durability, especially when off-roading. Drawing from years of firsthand experience with my Jeep Wrangler Rubicon, I'll share everything you need to know about tire types, interpreting tire markings, and tire maintenance best practices.
Last Updated: July 2025
Common Tire Types & Uses
Different tires are designed for specific conditions:
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All-Terrain (A/T): Balanced performance for on-road and moderate off-road driving.
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Mud-Terrain (M/T): Aggressive treads for rugged terrain, deep mud, and rocky trails.
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Limited-Use/Temporary Spare (Donut): Smaller, compact tire meant only for short-term emergency use.
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Full-Size Spare: Same size and rating as your main tires, suitable for extended use.
For an in-depth tire discussion, Nate and I discuss tires on The Off-Road Insiders Podcast
How to Identify Your Vehicle's Tire Information
Every vehicle has a tire information placard located in the driver's side door jamb. This placard lists recommended tire size and pressure for optimal safety and performance.
Example: My Jeep Wrangler Rubicon uses tires marked LT255/75R17 C (front, rear, spare).
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| Tire information on Jeep door |
Decoding Tire Markings (LT255/75R17 C)
Here's what these numbers and letters mean:
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LT (Light Truck): Suitable for heavier vehicles like SUVs or trucks.
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255: Tire width in millimeters (sidewall to sidewall).
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75: Aspect ratio; tire height is 75% of its width.
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R (Radial): Construction type; tire layers run radially.
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17: Wheel diameter in inches (note: wheels differ from tires—wheels are the metal rims).
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C (Load Range): Indicates the tire's weight-carrying capacity, with 'C' providing a lighter, more comfortable ride than higher ranges (D or E).
For detailed tire marking explanations, see TireRack.com Tire Info.
Additional Tire Markings Explained
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Mud and Snow (M+S): Rated for muddy or snowy conditions.
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3-Ply Sidewall: Enhanced sidewall strength, beneficial for off-roading.
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Load Index (111/108): Maximum weight the tire can safely support.
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Speed Rating (Q): Maximum speed rating (Q = 99 mph).
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| Spare tire on tailgate |
Tire Maintenance: Proper Inflation & Checks
Proper tire inflation is critical. It improves safety, performance, and tire longevity. Learn the easy method of checking your tire pressure in my post: How to Perform a Tire Chalk Test
Frequently Asked Tire Questions (FAQs)
What's the difference between a tire and a wheel?
The tire is the rubber portion providing road contact and traction; the wheel is the metal (alloy or steel) rim onto which the tire is mounted.
Where do I find the correct tire pressure for my vehicle?
Refer to your vehicle’s placard (inside the driver's door jamb) or owner’s manual for recommended tire pressures.
Can I regularly use a donut spare tire?
No, donut tires are temporary spares, intended only for emergencies (generally under 70 miles at speeds below 50 mph).
What does tire load range (C, D, E) mean?
Load range indicates the tire’s capacity to carry weight. C-range tires offer smoother rides, while D and E handle heavier loads but are stiffer.
Why is proper tire inflation essential?
Proper inflation enhances safety, fuel efficiency, handling, and extends tire life by preventing uneven wear.
When should I replace my tires?
Replace tires when tread depth reaches 2/32 of an inch, if damaged, or every 6–10 years regardless of tread condition.
Are Mud-Terrain tires suitable for highway use?
Mud-terrain tires can be driven on highways, but they typically produce more noise, wear faster on pavement, and lower fuel efficiency compared to all-terrain tires.
Recommended Tire Resources
TireRack.com Tire Tech Guide
By deepening your tire knowledge, you'll ensure safer journeys, better performance, and longer-lasting tires for all your off-road adventures.
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